Homework

Testicular Cancer and Cervical Cancer
Testicular Cancer:
Testicular cancer is a type of cancer that is most common in men age 25-45. Although this cancer is very visible due to the fact you can see hard lumps in your testicles, many people do not do self examinations. Also, there is not a cure for this cancer yet. In 2002 there 2000 cases known in the UK and in 2004 there were already expected to be 9000 cases diagnosed in the U.S. When a child is born with testicles that have not yet descended are known to have a 5 to 10 times more of a chance of having testicular cancer. Although it seems like it would, having a vesictamy will not increase your likelyness will not increase of getting this cancer. The majority of this type of cancer is called germ-cell tumors. There are two main types of germ cell tumour: seminomas and teratomas. There are a very low amount of deaths due to testicular cancer, but in the UK, 74 men died and in the U.S. 36o were expected to die in the year of 2004. If your family members have this cancer, you are up to 10 times more likely of receiving this cancer. The symptoms of this cancer are finding a painless lump in one of your testicles. This is why it is so important to do self examinations of your testicles. This cancer is diagnosed by going to the doctor, if he finds something that is to his concern, you are sent to the hosipital where you will then have an ultra sound and then,depending on the results, you may have to get this lump removed. Radiotherapy can cause nausea, tiredness and diarrhoea. Although this does not seem very appitizing, these are very minimal side effects. If you are treated by Chemotherapy, some of the side effects are the following: shortness of breathe, vomiting, neusea, etc. As long as you find this cancer early on, you should be good to go. This is the case because it is said that your cancer has a 95% chance of being terminated. If you find your cancer later on, you only have a 50% of your cancer being terminated.
Cervical Cancer:(HPV)

HPV is a common virus. There are 40 types of it that are sexually transmitted.
A few types of HPV can persist and cause cervical cancer.
There is a vaccine to prevent two of the types that cause 70 percent of the cases of cervical cancer.
Regular Pap tests are important — even for women who have been vaccinated. They detect dangerous cell changes before cancer develops.
http://www.plannedparenthood.org/sexual-health/std/hpv.htm
HPV stands for human papeloma virus. Although there are many side effects of this virus, due to the fact that there are over 100 cases, some of the side effects include,: warts, on the feet and/or genitals, and posibly problems with the genitals. This virus is extremely popular in all people who have sex. Men can get this virus but it will not effect their reproductive organs due to the fact that they dont have cervix. When you have a low level of HPV you are less likely to get cervical cancer, but when you have a high level, you are very likely to develop cancer of the cervix. When women recover, many of the develop an immunity to this virus, which means they cant get it in the future. The vaccine for this virus is taken in three seperate doses, in a time period of 6 months. If you have a bad paps test, some actions that may take place are the following: Repeat the Pap test.
Have other tests.
Take medication.
Have a colposcopy and biopsy. http://www.plannedparenthood.org/sexual-health/std/hpv.htm
Women under the age of 30 should not have a regular HPV test unless your paps tests results are un-normal. This test should take place during the paps test. As of right now there isnt a cure for this virus, but most of the cases are harmless to the body. The majority of the cases just go away after a short period of time.



Contraceptives Assignment:

A World Without Cervical Cancer: The HPV Vaccine Show:
10/30/07
Throughout this podcast, the narrator talked about cervical cancer and the virus called HPV (human papaloma virus). They started out the podcast by having a news broadcaster named bring come onto the show and talk about how effective the two new vaccines are. He says that they are 100% effective against cancer of the cervix and HPV. He said that the study was don't throughout the world, with more than 20,000 women involved. This meant it was an accurate study. Another news report that Brian mentioned is that a man located in Cali. attempted to kill a planned parent hood physician for performing an abortion of his girl friend.
The female narrator of this podcast explained that the way you get HPV is by having sexual intercourse with someone who has the virus. She also says that 80% of all people have HPV because it is so common. Another comment that she adds to this podcast is that one of the most severe cases of HPV is in fact cancer of the cervix.
The male Narrator then takes his turn and talk and he explains that when a female goes to her doctor and gets a paps test, they are not exactly testing for HPV, instead they are testing for UN-normal signs, that are noticeable that are cues that this female may in fact have HPV. One aspect of this virus that is interesting is that a female may have a normal paps but may in fact still have HPV.
They then begin to talk about how to test for HPV for men, and in fact it is not possible for men to test for this virus. This is so because the test is for the cervix of women, and if you are a normal man, you shouldn't have cervix.
There is a new vaccine out that protects against 4 types of HPV. Two of them are out to prevent cervical cancer, and two are out to prevent warts around the genitals. This vaccine is approved for ages 9-26. This vaccine costs around 500.00 dollars. This is the case because there are four separate vaccinations that you get. They talk about men getting this vaccination, and the answer is no they cannot get it. If you use a condom, you have a 70% less of a chance of getting HPV. Although this reduces the risk of getting it, it is not 100% sure that you will not get it while having safe sex.
Lastly, the Narrators go around and ask people what their opinions are on the vaccinations. Many of the views are either to one side of the other. One of the sides is saying that due to the fact that this vaccination doesn't harm you in any way, you should take it because of that reason, and the other views are that you should have a choice of taking it. Some people feel that by young females getting this vaccination, it will pave the road for them to have sex,while others feeling that it is not necessary for young girls to get this vaccine. In my opinion i think young girls should get this vaccine because now A days rape is a big role in our society.
Sex Myths: BUSTED!
This podcast begins with the Narrators talking about what they well talk about. Some of these things are the following: sex myths, and answering questions about sex myths. After they introduce what they will discuss on the talk, they introduce a man that goes by the name of team that is a sex educator, this being a man who tells people/teaches them about things that we humans don't talk about in out everyday life, such as penis's and vagina's.
The first myth that these three people begin to talk about is: Does wearing two condoms make sex more safe? After discussing this for sometime, the hosts of this talk show came to the conclusion that wearing one condom is more effective than wearing two. This is so because with two condoms on, friction comes into play and may rip both condoms, and also the fact that with two condoms on it allows the intercourse to be less sensitive for the male so this may cause him to lose his erection resulting in the condoms sliding off.
The second myth is that you cant get pregnant on your period? They answered this myth very straight forward. They said yes! Although many people don't think this is possible, it is. When the female ovulates, there is a chance that the egg and sperm may meet, this resulting in the female getting pregnant.
The third myths says, people who have infection, know they have infection? The answer to this is know. Although it seems like they should, they do not. This is so because many of the symptoms of not visible, therefore there is nothing to suspect. Due to the fact that this is the case, the passing of STI's is a big way to blame people.
The fourth myth asked, do men have more partners than women? The answer to this is no(in America). It is said that men in women have the same amount of partners.
The last myths asks, does masturbating make you gay or straight. Although this is a foolish question, it is not true, this is so because touching touching your own body cant change your sexual preference.
Birth Control
This podcast began by the planned parenthood sexual educator talking about birth control. The podcast was also created in a way to give the narrators a quiz to test their knowledge on birth control. The first question was: when is a woman most likely to get pregnant? The answer to this is before or during ovulation. This is when the egg is released from the ovary. Although this doesn't seem hard to know when this time is, it is. The doctors or anyone else cannot predict when this time is going to occur.
The second question asked, out of all the contraceptives, which one is most effective, and which ones are least effective? Obviously, if you dont have any sex what so ever, that is going to be most effective, also the hormonal methods are very effective, because you can find these hormones in your body: such as estrogene, and testostrogene. The wichdrawl methods are not nearly as effective as the hormonal methods.
The fourth question asked: What methods protect against pregnancy and STI's? The answer to this question is using a condom, unlike some types of spermicides that counter-act the purpose, and make it easier for the infections to pass directly into the blood stream.
The fourth question was, what type of contraceptive, can you use after you have intercourse? The answer to this is emergency contraception. This is a pill that you can take up to five days after intercourse, but the closer you take it to the time of intercourse, the more effective it is going to be.
After they took the quiz, the educator brought out a kit that had all the contraceptives in it and he talked about each and every one of them. The first one he spoke about was the female condom. This method works nearly identical to the male condom, except it is placed in the vagina and the ring inside of it, is placed over the cervix. Although this is a "female" condom, a homosexual couple could use this method as well. The second item that he talked about was the nuva ring. This is a ring that is 1.5 inches in diameter that is placed in the back of the vagina. When this ring is inserted, the impregnated hormones inside the ring are released. These hormones stop ovulation. This ring stays inside the vagina for three weeks until the female is ready to have her period. The next method was the hormonal birth control pill, this being 28 pills that you take one of every day of the week, for three weeks. When this time is up, you then switch to the other colored pills, and what this does is it allows you to have your period during this time. This pill, when taking it stops the female body from ovulating. The next pick out of the box was a piece of rubber called a dental dam. This is used to prevent fluids from being passed from one sex partner to another. The next contraceptive that the educator talked about was a male condom. Although there are many diff. types of condoms, he recommends that you use a lubricated latex condom, that has the lubricant a water base. This is so because an oil based lubricant can posibly brake down the material of a condom. You also want your condom to be latex because that helps prevent against STI's.






you should get a urine sample, or have your discharge sent to the lab. If you get this infection, the way it is cured is anti biotic's. While this infection is getting worse and worse in your body, if you dont take care of it, your reproductive organs may get infected, you may become infertile, may pass from mother to child by birth, may be spread by intercourse.
The second STI is Gonorrhea. This is an infection caused by bacteria. The way you get this infection is having sexual contact with someone who has it. The symptoms vary from female to male so the symptoms that the woman get are the following: none, pelvic pain, vaginal discharge, fever, blood or puss from the anus, and a soar throat. The symptoms for the men are the following: none, painful urination, discharge from penis, blood or puss from anus, and a possible soar throat. The way you can be for sure if you have this infection or not is by getting a urine sample or a sample of your discharge sent to the lab. This infection is treated by taking antibiotics. If you dont take care of this infection some things that can happen are the following: may cause PID or infertility, may pass from mother to child, heart trouble, skin issues, and arthritis, and lastly can spread to other sex partners.
The third infection is Syphilis. This is an infection caused by bacteria. You can get it if you have sexual contact with someone who has it. Some of the symptoms are the following: painless sore or sores on the mouth, penis, vagina, anus, or else where. If you think you may have this infection, to know for sure, you can have a medical exam of the sores, or a blood test. If you have this infection, it is treated by taking antibiotics or maybe even put in the hospital. If you dont take care of this, new sores may appear, rash, fever, hair loss, body aches, sore throat, and swollen glands.
The fourth infection is Aids. This is a virus that damages the persons immune system. The way you can get this is by having sexual contact with someone who has aids, blood to blood contact with contaminated blood, sharing contaminated needles, and also breast milk. The symptoms are the following: May be none, unexplained fever, chills or drenching sweat, weight loss, diarrea, dry cough with shortness of breathe, constant fatigue, swollen glands, pink or purple flat or raised blotches, and persistant white spots in the mouth. You can know for sure if you have this if you get a blood test or an orasure test. This infection is aided with a mixture of medicines to fight the spread of the infection and any other illnesses. If you have this and you dont take care of it you can develop life threatening illness, mother can pass it to her children, and it can spread to other sex partners and needle sharing partners.
The fifth STI is Genital Herpies. Thisis an infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. The way you get this infection is by sexual contact or by skin to skin contact with someone who has it. Some of the symptoms of this infection are painful blisters that break into open soars, the soars may dry up and disapear, and you may also develop swollen glands. THe way you can know for sure if you have this is if you get a medical exam, fluid may be taken from the sores and sent to a lab, and you can also get a blood test. This infection is treated by medication or cream to speed up the healing process, and the medications may help to prevent future breakouts. If you dont take care of this infection some of the things that may occur are the following: sores will come and go, normally with stress and or other illness. This virus can spread to sex partners even when the sores are not present, and mothers can pass this infection onto their children, causing serious illness or possible death to the child.
The 6th STI that we talked about is Genital Warts. This is an infection caused by the human papilloma virus. The way you get this infection is sexual or skin to skin contact with someone who has it. The viruse can also be passed even if the warts are not visible. Some of the symptoms for this virus are the following: may be none, small painless cauliflower like bumps that grow in and around the genital area. May have a slight itching or irritation to the infected area. The way you know for sure if you have this infection is if you get a medical exam of also if your a female you can get a paps test. This infection is treated by the warts being burned off, frozen off, or removed with a small surgery. If you dont take care of this infection the warts can spread and grow larger, the can become harder to remove, or spread to new areas. This infection is the leading cause of cervical cancer, in women. This virus can spread to other sex partners. It can be passed from mother to child during child birth.
The last STI that we talked about is Pubic Lice(crabs). This is a parasite that lives in the hair around the Genitals. The way you get this parasite is through sexual contact or skin to skin contact with someone who has it. You can also get this parasite by sharing such things like towels, clothing, and even bedding with someone who has it. Some of the symptoms for this STI are the following: severe itching, you may be able to physically see the lice or eggs in the pubic hair, and small dots of blood in your underwear where the lice bit you. The way you know if you have this parasite is if you get a visual exam of the area that you are questioning. This parasite is treated by using a special shampoo or lotion. Wash all the bedding clothing and anyother material that may be infected. You should also have your partners and anyone else that you have had sexual contact with checked to insure the they dont have this parasite. If you dont take care of this infection, you may develop a bacterial infection, it may spread to other people, and the symtoms may get worse.

Tobacco Assignment:
Cost factors of quitting:
When smoking cigarettes one of the hardest things to deal with is quitting. Although it is hard, it is very possible. Due to the fact that smoking is a very costly habit, it may be wise to reconsider what you are doing to yourself and the people around you. Although it is addicting, addictions can be broken. Think of how much money you spend each day on cigarettes. Then think of how much you spend on them per year! Imagine how much money you could save by not polluting your insides with this unnecessary smoke. As a way to look into your future, multiply the amount you spent in one year by ten! This will give you an estimate of how much you will spend in the next ten years on cigarettes. Just think, you could travel the world, or take your family on a memorable vacation with all the money you could save by stopping smoking.
Social Acceptance:
Throughout the time of smoking, its views have been noticeable negative as the years have proceeded. Now a days, if you are considered a smoker you have less of a chance of getting a job at businesses because it costs the employer more money on insurance, smoking causes a distinctive odor to cling to drapes, and other fabrics, and it is said that smoking causes you to be sick more often, therefore your employer will have to spend an extra amount of money trying to hire someone to fill for you one those days that you are absent. Although it is easy to find a place to suck down a cowboy killer, in the future this may not be the case. Over the past couple years, smoking has been restricted to limited places. Now a days, many restaurants and other public places are banning smoking. Also friends and family are not permitting their friends and family to smoke cigarettes inside or out. In my opinion, smoking was once viewed as being "cool" but over the past couple years, the views have gone from positive to negative in a short period of time.
Health to others:
One of the worst things that occurs from smoking is the effects of second hand smoke. This is when people in your community are smoking, they blow their drag out and you coincidently inhale it. Although you are not exactly putting a cigarette to your mouth, the effects of second hand smoke are known to kill many people each year. It can cause lung cancer as well as heart disease. Another negative aspect of smoking is that when family mothers and mothers smoke, it can cause asthma and heavy breathing to babies. Smoking is also linked to SIDS which is sudden infant death syndrome. When you are a child and are being raised in a smoking environment, it is said that you are at more of a risk to get ear infections, colds, bronchitis, and other things that are related to your breathing.
Setting Examples:
When becoming a smoker one thing that you need to consider is the effects it may have on your family. Although when "acting" like a parent, you tell you children that it is not good to smoke and it is bad for you, what you as the parent are saying is that its bad, but it is ok to do it anyway. Although it is quiet obvious that it is hard to quite, showing a bad example toward your children is one of the worst things you can do as a parent. It is showing your children that it is ok to smoke even though it damages your body.